Temperature is caused by the movement of all the atoms or molecules that make up bodies.

 

Author; Rogelio Pérez C

Summary

The greenhouse effect explains that the temperature of the atmosphere originates because the surface of the earth heated by the sun's rays emits thermal radiation, which is absorbed by the gases that absorb infrared radiation, called greenhouse gases, which are equivalent to 0.04% of the gases in the atmosphere, being the main CO2, according to the theory, these gases retain thermal radiation of 255 kelvin emitted by the surface of the earth, and re-emit in all directions at a higher temperature (288 kelvin), which is equivalent to an increase of 33°C or Kelvin,  due to the greenhouse effect. This work explains that the temperature of a system such as the atmospheric cannot be explained with an effect of retaining and emitting heat by certain molecules within this system, but that this is caused by the kinetic energy produced by all the molecules that compose it, due to their movements. It also explains that there is no system, which 0.04% of its molecules or atoms retaining or receiving energy of 255 kelvin, can increase it by 288 kelvin, without performing any work.

 

Introduction;

The science of the greenhouse effect explains the temperature in the atmosphere, due to the heat retention effect, by the molecules that absorb infrared within the atmospheric system, it explains that ghgs absorb infrared and radiate it in all directions at a higher temperature, which is different to thermodynamic physics, which explains the temperature of systems, as a result of the movement of all the molecules or atoms that compose it, in the case of the atmosphere, not only ghgs gases, but also nitrogen, oxygen, argon that do not absorb infrared, but all the molecules that make up the atmosphere emit infrared in all directions, in other words the heat of the atmosphere is transferred by 100% of their molecules, those that absorb and do not absorb infrared.

Scientific theory:

Temperature is a measure of the average kinetic energy of the atoms or molecules in the system.1

Heat, is thermal energy transferred from a hotter system to a cooler system that are in contact.

We can calculate the heat released or absorbed using the specific heat capacity C, end the mass of the substance m, and the change in temperature ΔT, end text in the equation:  q=m×C×ΔT.  2

Specific Heat: The amount of heat needed to raise the temperature of 1kg of a substance by 1°C.3

The equipartition theorem relates the temperature of a system to its average energies. It makes quantitative predictions, provides the total kinetic and potential energies for a system at a given temperature, from which the heat capacity of the system can be calculated. However, the equipartition also provides the average values of individual energy components, such as the kinetic energy of a particular particle or the potential energy of a single spring. For example, it predicts that each atom in an ideal monoatomic gas has an average kinetic energy of (3/2) k BT in thermal equilibrium, where k B is Boltzmann's constant and Te the temperature (thermodynamics).4

The greenhouse effect is a process in which thermal radiation emitted by the planetary surface is absorbed by atmospheric greenhouse gases (GHGs) and radiated in all directions. As part of this radiation is returned to the Earth's surface and lower atmosphere, resulting in an increase in the average surface temperature compared to what would be in the absence of GHGs.5

One part of the solar radiation that reaches Earth passes through the atmosphere, is reflected back into space; another reaches the ground and warms it. It emits heat (infrared radiation) and warms the atmosphere, since the heat is retained by the greenhouse gases.6

Without this natural greenhouse effect, the equilibrium temperature of the Earth would be about -18 °C. However, the average temperature of the earth's surface is about 14 °C, a difference close to 32 °C that gives us an idea of the magnitude of efecto.7

Results;

Starting from the definition of thermodynamic physics; temperature is a measure of the average kinetic energy of the atoms or molecules of the system, we can understand temperature as the energy that originates all the molecules or atoms that make up the systems, due to their movements,

in the case of the atmospheric system, this is caused by the kinetic movements of all the molecules that make up all the gases in the air, the temperature in the atmosphere cannot be explained by means of a heat retention effect by greenhouse gases, because they are only 0.04% of the molecules of the atmosphere, and temperature is caused by the movement of 100% of the molecules in the air, and is measured by averaging this molecular movement.

Now the explanation of the increase in temperature in the atmosphere by 33 ° C, because of the effect that greenhouse gases cause, it can be said that there is no greenhouse, which retains energy of 255 kelvin, and its temperature is 288 kelvin. The temperature that is not derived from the kinetic energy, or movements of all the atoms or molecules of the systems, does not exist, because this is measured by taking the average of this molecular movement.

In other words, if the greenhouse effect causes the temperature of the atmosphere, it must explain why 100% of the gases in the air obtain or increase their kinetic movements, if only 0.04% of the gases in the atmosphere absorb infrared, and because it does not take into account in its explanation of atmospheric temperature all the molecules that make up this system, because temperature is the measure of the average at which all molecules in a system move.

Conclusion;

To be concluded that temperature is the energy of the motion of atoms or molecules in systems, and any explanation of the temperature of a system must be based on the average kinetic motion of all atoms or molecules of these.

The greenhouse effect theory explains temperature and its increase by an effect of heat retention and accumulation, says that ghgs 0.04% of the gases in the atmosphere absorbs thermal radiation of 255 kelvin, and re-emits it at 288 kelvin, an increase of 33°C, because of the heat retention effect, it can be concluded that there is no physical phenomenon in systems that explains the increase in the temperature of a system above the energy received without performing any work.

Bibliography

1-  https://www.khanacademy.org/science/chemistry/thermodynamics-chemistry/internal-energy-sal/a/heat

2-  https://www.khanacademy.org/science/chemistry/thermodynamics-chemistry/internal-energy-sal/a/heat

3-https://www.thoughtco.com/definition-of-specific-heat-capacity-605672

4-  http://hyperphysics.phy-astr.gsu.edu/hbase/Kinetic/eqpar.html

5-  Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change.

6-  Taking the Earth’s Temperature». American Chemical Society. Atmospheres (en inglés) 118 (8): 3213-3217. ISSN 2169-8996. doi:10.1002/jgrd.50359.

7-  Jones, P. D.; Harpham, C. (2013). «Estimation of the absolute surface air temperature of the Earth». Journal of Geophysical Research. CHAPTER 7. THE GREENHOUSE EFFECT». acmg.seas.harvard.edu.